Chapter. 5
Morphologies Associated with Processing ¢ºIntroduction¢¸ °íºÐÀÚ´Â Extusion ¶Ç´Â Molding µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ FilmÀ̳ª Tubes, Fabrics µî°ú °°Àº ¿©·¯ °¡ÁöÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.À̰°ÀÌ µÎ²²°¡ µÎÅÍ¿î °íºÐÀÚ¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡°øÇÒ ¶§ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðÆú·ÎÁöÀÇ º¯È¿Í È¥ÇÕµÈ °íºÐÀÚÀÇ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¯È¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. (1) Skin/core and related Morphologies -extruded and injection-moldedµÈ µÎ²¨¿î »ùÇÃÀº coolingÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³»ºÎ¿Í ¿ÜºÎÀÇ cooling ¼Óµµ¿¡ Â÷À̰¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³»ºÎ(nterior, the core)ÀÇ cooling¼Óµµ°¡ ¿ÜºÎ(surface, the skin)ÀÇ cooling¼Óµµ º¸´Ù ´À¸®´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ³»ºÎ°£ÀÇ temperature gradient°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ³»ºÎ, ±×¸®°í Áß°£Ãþ(intermediate region)ÀÇ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö ¶ÇÇÑ Â÷À̰¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. <The center: nondeformed spherulites> <The surface: highly oriented chains> <intermediate depth: conical shapes> ex) polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, isotactic polypropylene -À̿ʹ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¸î¸î polar groupsµéÀ» °¡Áø polymerµé¿¡¼´Â Injection molded ³ª extruded µÈ sampleµéÀÌ nonoriented noncrystalline skin °úspherulitic core¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ex) polyamide 66, poly(butylene terephthalate (2) Epitaxial Lamellar Morphology -capillary rheometer°ú °°Àº ÀÛÀº orifice¸¦ ÅëÇØ polyethylene°ú °°Àº flexible chain polymer¸¦ ¾ÐÃâ ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°Àº ¾ÐÃâµÈ chain¿¡ °¡´À´Ù¶þ°Ô interlocking µÈ lamella°¡ epitaxial ÇÑ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ lamellaµéÀº ¾ÐÃâµÈ ¹æÇâ°ú ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ¹èÇâµÈ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ lamellaÀÇ °áÁ¤ stems°í extendµÈ chainÀº ¾ÐÃâ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹èÇâµÈ´Ù. (3) Blend and Composite Morphologies ¨ç polycarbonate (PC) + Brittle polymer (BP) + Compatibilizer (MBS) atactic PMMA atactic polystyrene styrene/acrylonitrile statistical copolyymer (SAN 17.5 : acrylonitrile 17.5 %) (SAN 25 : acrylonitrile 25 %) (SAN 34 : acrylonitrile 34 %) »ó¿ëÈÁ¦ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ºÐ»êÀº »ç¿ëÇÑ brittle polymer¿Í mixing process¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̰í, extruder¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. * BP = atactic PMMA ÀÏ ¶§ MBS´Â PMMA»ó¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³»Çϸé,MBSÀÇ ¹Ù±ù shell°ú PMMAÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû À¯»ç¼º ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. * BP = atactic polystyrene ÀÏ ¶§ MBSÀÔÀÚ´Â ÁÖ·Î interface¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. * BP = SAN 25 À϶§ MBS ÀÔÀÚ´Â interface ¿Í µÎ »ó¿¡ °°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. * BP = SAN 17.5 ÀÏ ¶§ MBS ÀÔÀÚ´Â BP»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. * BP = SAN 34 ÀÏ ¶§ MBSÀÔÀÚ´Â PC »ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¨èºí·»µåÇÑ polymerÀÇ ¾ÐÃâµÈ ÇüÅ´ ±¸¼º¼ººÐ°ú °¡°ø Á¶°Ç, Áï À¯·®À̳ª ¿Âµµ,±¸¼º ¼ººÐ ÀÇ Á¡µµµî¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹) * Liquid crystalline copolymer ( 4-hydroxybenzoate & 6-hydroxynaphthenate) ¿Í noncrystallizing homopolymer (polycarbonate)ÀÇ ºí·»µå´Â ¾ÐÃâ±â ³»¿¡¼ liquid crystalline polymer°¡ ±¸Á¤ Çüųª ¼¶À¯Çü ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù. *µÎ °³ÀÇ crystallizable polymer, Áï, (poly (¥å-caprolactam)¿Í ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymer ÀÇ ºí·»µå´Â capillary rheometer¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¾ÐÃâÇßÀ» ¶§ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿Í °¡°ø ¿Âµµ, rheometer ¿¡¼ÀÇ ½Ã°£ µî¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. À̶§ ¾ÐÃâµÈ Çʶó¸àÆ®ÀÇ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ ºÎºÐÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ rodÇüÅÂÀ̰í, ³»ºÎ´Â ±¸Á¤°ú °°Àº ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ¨éµÎ °³ÀÇ noncrystallizing polymers( Çϳª´Â ³ôÀº Tg¸¦ °¡Áö°í, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â block copolymer ÀÏ ¶§)¸¦ 90/10À¸·Î ºí·»µå Çϰí, À̰ÍÀ» »çÃâ ¼ºÇü ÇßÀ» ¶§, À̵éÀº homopolyme Á¦°Å ÈÄ, ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹Ù±ù ºÎºÐ¿¡¼´Â ball-and-string ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹) Glassy polymer: polycarbonate, Block copolymer: polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile statistical copolymer (rigid portion) + polybutadiene (rubbery part) (4) Torsional Flow Morphology Á¶±ÝÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ Àû¿ë°ú torsional flow Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ polyethyleneÀÇ °áÁ¤Àº circular chain ¹èÇâÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (5) Fiber Banding ¼¶À¯ ¹æÇâ¿¡ ¼öÁ÷ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â 0.5 - 10§ ³ÐÀÌÀÇ ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ band ´Â shearingÀ̳ª low fieldÀÇ Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ lyotropicÀ̳ª thermotropic liquid crystalline mesophases¿¡¼ ¾òÀº »ùÇÿ¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸Á¶´Â main- chain mesogensÀÎ polymer¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î °üÂûµÈ´Ù. Bands´Â shear ¹æÇâÀ» µû¶ó ºÐÀÚ ¹èÇâÀÇ ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ º¯µ¿À» ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. * polydiacetyleneÀÇ Nematic lyotropic mesophase ¿¡¼ÀÇ Band Çü: Herringbond arrangement of lamellas (solvent Á¦°Å½Ã) * athrmotropic liquid crystalline polyesterÀÇ °áÁ¤È Áß shearing ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì: a zig-zag Çü ¹è¿ÀÇfibrilµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. |