Chapter. 5

 

  Morphologies Associated with Processing

   ¢ºIntroduction¢¸

°íºÐÀÚ´Â Extusion ¶Ç´Â Molding µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ FilmÀ̳ª Tubes, Fabrics µî°ú °°Àº ¿©·¯ °¡ÁöÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.À̰°ÀÌ µÎ²²°¡ µÎÅÍ¿î °íºÐÀÚ¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡°øÇÒ ¶§ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðÆú·ÎÁöÀÇ º¯È­¿Í È¥ÇÕµÈ °íºÐÀÚÀÇ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¯È­¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ º¸ÀÚ.

(1) Skin/core and related Morphologies

-extruded and injection-moldedµÈ µÎ²¨¿î »ùÇÃÀº coolingÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³»ºÎ¿Í ¿ÜºÎÀÇ cooling ¼Óµµ¿¡ Â÷À̰¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³»ºÎ(nterior, the  core)ÀÇ cooling¼Óµµ°¡ ¿ÜºÎ(surface, the skin)ÀÇ cooling¼Óµµ º¸´Ù ´À¸®´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ³»ºÎ°£ÀÇ temperature gradient°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ³»ºÎ, ±×¸®°í Áß°£Ãþ(intermediate region)ÀÇ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö ¶ÇÇÑ Â÷À̰¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

            <The center: nondeformed spherulites>

            <The surface: highly oriented chains>

             <intermediate depth: conical shapes>

          ex) polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, isotactic polypropylene

                

       

-À̿ʹ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¸î¸î polar groupsµéÀ» °¡Áø polymerµé¿¡¼­´Â Injection molded ³ª extruded µÈ sampleµéÀÌ nonoriented noncrystalline skin °úspherulitic core¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.

 ex) polyamide 66, poly(butylene terephthalate

  (2) Epitaxial Lamellar Morphology

   -capillary rheometer°ú °°Àº ÀÛÀº orifice¸¦ ÅëÇØ polyethylene°ú °°Àº flexible chain      polymer¸¦ ¾ÐÃâ ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°Àº ¾ÐÃâµÈ chain¿¡ °¡´À´Ù¶þ°Ô     interlocking µÈ lamella°¡ epitaxial ÇÑ ¸ðÆú·ÎÁö·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ÀÌ lamellaµéÀº ¾ÐÃâµÈ     ¹æÇâ°ú ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ¹èÇâµÈ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ lamellaÀÇ °áÁ¤ stems°í extendµÈ chainÀº ¾ÐÃâ     ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹èÇâµÈ´Ù.

 

 (3) Blend and Composite Morphologies

     ¨ç polycarbonate (PC) + Brittle polymer (BP) + Compatibilizer (MBS)

                                          atactic PMMA

                                        atactic polystyrene

                          styrene/acrylonitrile statistical copolyymer

                                  (SAN 17.5 : acrylonitrile 17.5 %)

                                    (SAN 25 : acrylonitrile 25 %)

                                    (SAN 34 : acrylonitrile 34 %)

       »ó¿ëÈ­Á¦ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ºÐ»êÀº »ç¿ëÇÑ brittle polymer¿Í mixing process¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̰í,       extruder¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÇ¾îÁø´Ù.

         * BP = atactic PMMA ÀÏ ¶§ MBS´Â PMMA»ó¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³»Çϸé,MBSÀÇ                   ¹Ù±ù shell°ú PMMAÀÇ È­ÇÐÀû À¯»ç¼º ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

        * BP = atactic polystyrene ÀÏ ¶§ MBSÀÔÀÚ´Â ÁÖ·Î interface¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.

        * BP = SAN 25 À϶§ MBS ÀÔÀÚ´Â interface ¿Í µÎ »ó¿¡ °°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

        * BP = SAN 17.5 ÀÏ ¶§ MBS ÀÔÀÚ´Â BP»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

        * BP = SAN 34 ÀÏ ¶§ MBSÀÔÀÚ´Â PC »ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

    ¨èºí·»µåÇÑ polymerÀÇ ¾ÐÃâµÈ ÇüÅ´ ±¸¼º¼ººÐ°ú °¡°ø Á¶°Ç, Áï À¯·®À̳ª ¿Âµµ,±¸¼º      ¼ººÐ ÀÇ Á¡µµµî¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù.

      ¿¹) * Liquid crystalline copolymer ( 4-hydroxybenzoate & 6-hydroxynaphthenate)               ¿Í noncrystallizing homopolymer (polycarbonate)ÀÇ ºí·»µå´Â ¾ÐÃâ±â ³»¿¡¼­              liquid crystalline polymer°¡ ±¸Á¤ Çüųª ¼¶À¯Çü ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù. 

           *µÎ °³ÀÇ crystallizable polymer, Áï,  (poly (¥å-caprolactam)¿Í             ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymer ÀÇ ºí·»µå´Â capillary rheometer¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ             ¾ÐÃâÇßÀ» ¶§ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿Í °¡°ø ¿Âµµ, rheometer ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ½Ã°£ µî¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù.             À̶§  ¾ÐÃâµÈ Çʶó¸àÆ®ÀÇ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ ºÎºÐÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ rodÇüÅÂÀ̰í,             ³»ºÎ´Â ±¸Á¤°ú °°Àº ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù.

            

    ¨éµÎ °³ÀÇ noncrystallizing polymers( Çϳª´Â ³ôÀº Tg¸¦ °¡Áö°í, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â block          copolymer ÀÏ ¶§)¸¦ 90/10À¸·Î ºí·»µå Çϰí, À̰ÍÀ» »çÃâ ¼ºÇü ÇßÀ» ¶§, À̵éÀº         homopolyme Á¦°Å ÈÄ, ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹Ù±ù ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­´Â ball-and-string ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡´Â         °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

       ¿¹) Glassy polymer: polycarbonate,  Block copolymer: polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile            statistical copolymer (rigid portion) + polybutadiene (rubbery part)

             

 (4) Torsional Flow Morphology

  Á¶±ÝÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ Àû¿ë°ú torsional flow Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼­ polyethyleneÀÇ °áÁ¤Àº circular chain  ¹èÇâÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.

  (5) Fiber Banding 

¼¶À¯ ¹æÇâ¿¡ ¼öÁ÷ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â 0.5 - 10§­ ³ÐÀÌÀÇ ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ band ´Â shearingÀ̳ª low fieldÀÇ Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼­ lyotropicÀ̳ª thermotropic liquid crystalline mesophases¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº »ùÇÿ¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸Á¶´Â main- chain mesogensÀÎ polymer¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î °üÂûµÈ´Ù. Bands´Â shear ¹æÇâÀ» µû¶ó ºÐÀÚ ¹èÇâÀÇ ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ º¯µ¿À» ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.

       * polydiacetyleneÀÇ Nematic lyotropic mesophase ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Band Çü: Herringbond          arrangement  of  lamellas (solvent Á¦°Å½Ã)

       * athrmotropic liquid crystalline polyesterÀÇ °áÁ¤È­ Áß shearing ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì:               a zig-zag Çü ¹è¿­ÀÇfibrilµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.